Flying

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Flying
Keyword Ability
Type Evasion
Introduced Alpha
Last used Evergreen
Reminder Text Flying (This creature can't be blocked except by creatures with flying and/or reach.)
Storm Scale 1[1]
Other Symbols
Scryfall Statistics

Flying is an evergreen evasion ability that makes creatures without flying unable to block creatures with flying. It has been in Magic since the original Alpha set.[2][3] It was the first and most resonant mechanic that Richard Garfield designed for the game.[4][5]

Description

Flying appears on nearly 3,000 different cards and is scattered wildly on the color wheel, mostly being found on blue and white cards, and to a lesser extent in black and red.[6] At higher rarities the presence of flying also varies, but at common blue and white get two or three and black typically only gets one. Green rarely has flying creatures, but is the best color at destroying them (e.g. Hurricane, Plummet).[6] There are a number of creature types that almost always have flying, such as Angels, Birds, Sphinxes, Dragons, and Griffins (each of these generally being creatures with wings).

As the most common evasion keyword, it serves the important role of giving a clear indication who has profitable attacks and is the beatdown; a flier that often can't be blocked attacks profitably. However, as the ability has as associated cost on creatures, the player with all flying creatures is liable to be worse in a race than those without; this is rectified by playing sturdy defensive creatures, but then the deck becomes unstable. This dynamic is fundamental to good basic combat gameplay. An interesting nuance in higher-level Constructed is that decks of many fliers are usually bad without another gimmick, as players attempting to defend from creatures do so via removal rather than blockers and fliers die to removal all the same.

The Mystery Booster test cards and Ikoria: Lair of Behemoths introduced flying counters.

Anti-flying

The dynamics of the mechanic make it so that flying has to be sparse in the aggregate in order to be useful. Hence, the color weakest at flying can't simply have fewer or worse fliers than the others, as it doesn't make for engaging gameplay. Therefore, Green, the fifth in flying, has the most tools to defeat fliers rather than having bad fliers. The most obvious option is the keyword Reach, which over time has been rated as almost free on creature costing, comparing 2025's Hazard of the Dunes to 1993's Giant Spider. For lower-power formats, some average-rate creatures with Reach get stat boosts when blocking fliers, making them perform above the curve specifically against them. It also gets aggressive removal options that target specifically creatures with flying like Plummet, which can have even further upsides to expand the general playability.

Historically there were other methods to hypothetically combat fliers, but they were discarded due to gameplay patterns; the expected counterplay nowadays is a faster damage race "on the ground", rather than the options below.

Can't be blocked by creatures with flying

Some creatures without flying can't be blocked by creatures with flying. This is a red ability, and is sometimes nicknamed "Tunneling"[7] However, "Tunneling" is more often used for “target creature with power 2 or less is unblockable this turn”.[8][9] Given the lack of defensive fliers in a typical game, this use of the keyword has seen little print.

Losing flying

As the most common keyword ability, it is also the keyword most commonly explicitly removed or lost by certain effects, twice as common as the next keyword removed, defender. Despite the low utility, it has continued to appear on cards as trinket text. Its greatest weakness is the cost of a card to cause such an effect and still relies on having creatures to block them afterwards. Blue has a greater modern use of it than green as it is often restricted to using Auras to disable creatures, and adding the effect would hence clear the way for its own fliers.

Enchantments that grant just flying

One creature

All your creatures

Pseudo-flying

Some creatures can't be blocked except by creatures with flying or reach, but unlike creatures that actually have flying, these cannot block creatures with flying themselves. Mark Rosewater is not a fan of this design,[10] as it does not differentiate itself from flying meaningfully, as the gameplay is functionally the same as "during your turn, this creature has flying". It also runs into keyword-referencing issues, as whether or not reach can block it depends on whether reach existed at time of printing.

Includes reach

High flying

High flying is a slang term used to describe the combination of flying with the drawback of only being able to block other creatures with flying.[11] While the term is in use both among players and R&D, the combination is not keyworded and is not expected to become so.[12][13] It is primary in blue.[14]

The blocking restriction was first printed on Mirage's Chaosphere, a world enchantment that restricted all flying creatures to high flying instead. The first creatures printed with the downside were released in Portal and Weatherlight. Because it combines an evasion ability with a matching blocking restriction, it resembles shadow, and creatures with high flying generally cost less than a creature with only flying.

Creatures

Enchantments

High reach

One card (Gloomwidow) does not have flying but has reach instead. It still cannot block nonfliers.

Player flying

The Mystery Booster test card Sarah's Wings (a reference to On Serra's Wings) grants flying to a player (Players with flying can’t be dealt damage by creatures without flying). This was also the idea behind Form of the Dragon, which has a different mechanical implementation.

Rules

From the glossary of the Comprehensive Rules (July 25, 2025—Edge of Eternities)

Flying
A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.9, “Flying.”

From the Comprehensive Rules (July 25, 2025—Edge of Eternities)

  • 702.9. Flying
    • 702.9a Flying is an evasion ability.
    • 702.9b A creature with flying can’t be blocked except by creatures with flying and/or reach. A creature with flying can block a creature with or without flying. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step,” and rule 702.17, “Reach.”)
    • 702.9c Multiple instances of flying on the same creature are redundant.

Examples

Example

Bog Imp 1 generic manaBlack mana
Creature — Imp
1/1
Flying (This creature can't be blocked except by creatures with flying or reach.)

See also

References

  1. Mark Rosewater (2018-12-01). "So I’m curious what lands on a 1 for each of the major scales?". Blogatog. Tumblr.
  2. Mark Rosewater (Monday, November 17, 2003). "Up, Up and Away". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
  3. Mark Rosewater (June 8, 2015). "Evergreen Eggs & Ham". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
  4. Brady Dommermuth (June 01, 2009). "Mechanically Inclined". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2021-04-29.
  5. Mark Rosewater (March 11, 2024). "Looking Back, Part 1". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
  6. a b Mark Rosewater (June 5, 2017). "Mechanical Color Pie 2017". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
  7. Mark Rosewater (May 12, 2018). "What color is "can't be blocked by creatures with flying"?". Blogatog. Tumblr.
  8. Mark Rosewater (September 21, 2019). "Whatever happened to tunneling?". Blogatog. Tumblr.
  9. Mark Rosewater (September 21, 2019). "I was just reading a wiki article on flying and it referenced tunneling as "can't be blocked by creatures with flying."". Blogatog. Tumblr.
  10. Mark Rosewater (February 16, 2017). "What is the point of pseudo-flying creatures like Signal Pest and Orchard Spirit?". Blogatog. Tumblr.
  11. Mark Rosewater (November 7, 2016). "A Few More Words from R&D". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
  12. Mark Rosewater (August 21, 2015). "Why are cards like Cloud Flyer and Welkin Tern...". Blogatog. Tumblr.
  13. Mark Rosewater (March 16, 2012). "Are there any mechanics that are on the fringe of being evergreen?". Blogatog. Tumblr.
  14. Mark Rosewater (August 22, 2016). "Gloomwidow is the first non-blue creature since Nemesis to have "can block only creatures with flying".". Blogatog. Tumblr.

External links