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|sub1=Alternate | |||
|sub2=Changes | |||
|sub3=Rules changes | |||
|sub4=Pocket Players' Guide | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox set | |||
'''Fourth Edition''' is a [[ | |symbol_description = Roman numeral IV | ||
|design = [[Richard Garfield]]<br/>with contributions from<br/>[[Charlie Cateeno]]<br/>[[Skaff Elias]]<br/>[[Don Felice]]<br/>[[Tom Fontaine]]<br/>[[Jim Lin]]<br/>[[Joel Mick]]<br/>[[Chris Page]]<br/>[[Dave Pettey]]<br/>[[Barry Reich|Barry "Bit" Reich]]<br/>[[Bill Rose]]<br/>[[Elliott Segal]] | |||
|development = Same as design | |||
|art = None | |||
|release = April 1995 | |||
|plane = [[Multiverse|Multiversal]] | |||
|mechanics = None new | |||
|keywords = None new | |||
|size= 378 cards<br/>{{curmb|121|121|121||15}} | |||
|code_expansion = 4ED | |||
|code_expansion_ref={{DailyRef|ask-wizards-august-2004-2004-08-02|Ask Wizards - August, 2004|[[Wizards of the Coast]]|August 02, 2004}} | |||
|code_development = Francesca | |||
|series = [[Core set]]s | |||
|first = Revised Edition | |||
|second = Fourth Edition | |||
|third = Fifth Edition | |||
|previous = Fallen Empires | |||
|next = Ice Age | |||
}} | |||
[[File:4ED booster.jpg|thumb|right|''Fourth Edition'' booster]] | |||
'''''Fourth Edition (4th Edition)''''' is a ''[[Magic]]'' [[core set]] that was released in April 1995. It is a [[reprint set]]. | |||
==Set details== | ==Set details== | ||
To create ''Fourth Edition'', 51 cards were removed from ''[[Revised Edition]]'', and 122 cards from ''[[Arabian Nights]], [[Antiquities]], [[Legends]]'', and ''[[The Dark]]'' were added. ''Fourth Edition'' was the first set to have [[basic land]]s printed on a separate [[print sheet]]. This freed up room on the common and uncommon card sheets to include more spells, and also allowed boosters to be packaged without lands. It was also the first set to have the same number of commons, uncommons, and rares, a practice which continued for large [https://mtg.fandom.com/wiki/Set#Expansions expansion] sets until the release of ''[[Mirrodin]]''. | |||
At the time of printing, Wizards policy was that core sets had white borders, but also that a card could not be put into a white-bordered set without first appearing in a black-bordered set in that language. To make ''Fourth Edition'' sets uniform, ''[[Renaissance]]'' sets were printed in German, Italian, and French to create black bordered versions of cards not previously available in those languages. These printings meant ''Fourth Edition'' cards in English, French, German, Italian could be printed exclusively with white borders. Japanese, traditional Chinese, Korean, Spanish, and Portuguese ''Fourth Edition'' cards were printed with black borders. However, after the black bordered versions were printed, the set was almost immediately reprinted with white borders in Japanese, Spanish, and Portuguese. | |||
The print run is estimated at 500 million cards. | [[File:T 2nd.svg|thumb|The second tap symbol.]] | ||
*A copyright notice dated 1995 is printed on the bottom of the cards. | |||
*The beveled frame missing from ''[[Revised]]'' was restored. The colors were also much more saturated. | |||
*A new [[white]] [[mana symbol]] ({{W}}) was introduced.<ref>{{DailyRef|arcana/white-mana-symbol-2003-02-06|White mana symbol|[[Magic Arcana]]|February 6, 2003}}</ref> | |||
* The other mana symbols were redesigned as well, but less noticeably. Black's skull became more elongated, blue's water drop became slimmer and more symmetrical, red's fireball lost the flame licks coming off of it, and green's tree received different branches and a less thick base.*The [[tap symbol]] changed to a curved arrow symbol, with a black rectangle representing the tapping card behind it.<ref>{{DailyRef|changing-tap-symbol-2004-07-12|The Changing Tap Symbol|[[Magic Arcana]]|July 12, 2004}}</ref> | |||
*An [[Alternate Fourth Edition]] run was printed by the United States Playing Card Corporation in Cincinnati. Due to a dispute between the two companies, the cards were never officially published.<ref>[http://www.wizardscupboard.com/4th-edition-alternate-starter-deck-p-19542.html The Wizards Cupboard: 4th Edition alternate starter deck]</ref><ref>{{DailyRef|making-magic/25-more-random-things-about-magic-2016-06-20|25 More Random Things About Magic|[[Mark Rosewater]]|June 20, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Marketing=== | |||
[[File:4ED Gift Box.jpg|right|thumb|''Fourth Edition'' Gift Box]] | |||
Cards were available from May 3, 1995 well past the end of the run in April 1997.<ref name="1999 rulings summary">Stephen D'Angelo (February 2, 1999) "[[Card Rulings Summary (02/17/99)|Card Rulings Summary]]". Usenet.</ref> The print run is estimated at 500 million cards. The cards were sold in 60-card [[starter deck]]s and 15-card [[boosters]]. Boosters included 1 rare, 3 uncommons, and 11 commons. ''Fourth Edition'' was the first set with booster packs with foil wrappers and the first with artwork on the wrappers (<c>Brass Man</c>, <c>Hurloon Minotaur</c>, <c>Mana Vault</c>, <c>Mesa Pegasus</c>, and <c>Spirit Link</c>). Starters included 3 rares, 9 uncommons, 26 commons, and 22 land. The package of the starter decks displayed the five mana symbols instead of the five colored stones on previous versions. The set was supplemented with a special [[2-Player Starter Set|Gift Box]]. The ''Fourth Edition'' Gift Box included two starter decks, 30 glass [[counters]], a flannel bag for storing the counters, an illustrated rulebook, and a card collectors' checklist. | |||
=== | ===Rules changes=== | ||
{{Main|Fourth Edition/Rules changes}} | |||
*The [[ | *The rules concerning [[fast effect]]s and the [[batch]] were solidified, as well as those for [[phase]]s, [[activation cost]]s, [[target]]s, and [[damage prevention]].<ref>{{DailyRef|feature/fourth-edition-faq-and-general-rulings-summary-2009-08-17|''Fourth Edition'' FAQ and General Rulings Summary|Adam Conus, [[Tom Wylie]], Jim Lin, and Rich Redman|August 17, 2009}}</ref> | ||
==Cycles== | ==Cycles== | ||
'' | ''Fourth Edition'' has 6 [[cycle]]s, one of which is a 4 card cycle, and 15 [[mirrored pair]]s. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Cycle name | |||
! {{W}} | |||
! {{U}} | |||
! {{B}} | |||
! {{R}} | |||
! {{G}} | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan="2"|'''Circles of protection''' | |||
|{{card|Circle of Protection: White||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Circle of Protection: Blue||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Circle of Protection: Black||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Circle of Protection: Red||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Circle of Protection: Green||4ED}} | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="5"|Each of these common [[white]] [[enchantment]]s has a mana cost of {{1}}{{W}} and the ability to prevent the all [[damage]] from a [[source]] of a given color for {{1}}. | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Lace]]s''' | |||
|{{card|Purelace||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Thoughtlace||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Deathlace||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Chaoslace||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Lifelace||4ED}} | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="5"|Each of these rare instants permanently changes the color of a permanent. | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Lucky charm]]s''' | |||
|{{card|Ivory Cup||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Crystal Rod||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Throne of Bone||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Iron Star||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Wooden Sphere||4ED}} | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="5"|Each of these [[uncommon]] [[artifact]]s has a [[triggered ability]] that allows the controller pay {{1}} to gain 1 life when a spell of a given color resolves. | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan="2"|'''Mana batteries''' | |||
|{{card|White Mana Battery||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Blue Mana Battery||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Black Mana Battery||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Red Mana Battery||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Green Mana Battery||4ED}} | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="5"|Uncommon artifacts with a casting cost of {{4}} and the two activated abilities "{{2}}, {{T}}: Put a charge [[counter]] on [this]" and "{{T}}, Remove any number of charge counters from [this]: Add M, then add an additional M for each charge counter removed this way," where M is a specific color of mana. | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Ward]]s''' | |||
|{{card|White Ward||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Blue Ward||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Black Ward||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Red Ward||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Green Ward||4ED}} | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="5"|Uncommon [[white]] [[Aura]]s with [[enchant]] creature that grant protection from a color. | |||
|} | |||
== | ===Four-card cycles=== | ||
{{ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Cycle name | |||
!colspan="2"| {{U}} | |||
!colspan="2"| {{R}} | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan="2"|'''Classic Elementals''' | |||
|{{card|Air Elemental||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Water Elemental||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Fire Elemental||4ED}} | |||
|{{card|Earth Elemental||4ED}} | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="4"|These four uncommon Elemental creature are based on the traditional four Elements. | |||
|} | |||
== | ===Pairs=== | ||
{{ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="2"|Mirrored Pairs | |||
! Description | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Crusade||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{W}})}} | |||
|{{card|Bad Moon||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{B}})}} | |||
|Rare enchantments with a [[converted mana cost]] of 2 and an effect to give all creatures of its color +1/+1. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|White Knight||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{W}})}} | |||
|{{card|Black Knight||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{B}})}} | |||
|Uncommon [[knight]]s with a mana cost of MM, power/toughness of 2/2, [[first strike]] and protection from the other's color. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Blue Elemental Blast||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{U}})}} | |||
|{{card|Red Elemental Blast||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{R}})}} | |||
|Common instants (formerly interrupts) with a mana cost of M and with a [[modal]] ability to either destroy a permanent of the other's color or counter a spell of the other's color. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Deathgrip||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{B}})}} | |||
|{{card|Lifeforce||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{G}})}} | |||
|Uncommon enchantments with an activated ability to counter a spell of the other's color for MM. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Holy Strength||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{W}})}} | |||
|{{card|Unholy Strength||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{B}})}} | |||
|Common auras with enchant creature that give a mirrored bonus to the enchanted creature's power/toughness. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Lord of Atlantis||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{U}})}} | |||
|{{card|Goblin King||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{R}})}} | |||
|Rare [[lord]]s that give +1/+1 and landwalk of its color to its creature type. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Mons's Goblin Raiders||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{R}})}} | |||
|{{card|Merfolk of the Pearl Trident||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{U}})}} | |||
|1/1 common creatures with creature types that are affected by their respective lords (e.g., Goblin King and Lord of Atlantis). | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Serra Angel||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{W}})}} | |||
|{{card|Sengir Vampire||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{B}})}} | |||
|Uncommon 4/4 flying creatures with a mana cost of {{3}}MM and a combat-related ability. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Wall of Water||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{U}})}} | |||
|{{card|Wall of Fire||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{R}})}} | |||
|0/5 walls illustrated by [[Richard Thomas]] with a silhouetted figure behind a wall and the activated ability "M: [this] gets +1/+0 until end of turn." | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Benalish Hero||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{W}})}} | |||
|{{card|Timber Wolves||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{G}})}} | |||
|1/1 creatures with [[banding]] and a mana cost of M. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Castle||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{W}})}} | |||
|{{card|Orcish Oriflamme||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{R}})}} | |||
|Uncommon [[enchantment]]s with a cost of 3M. Oriflame give +1/0 for attacking creatures and Castle gives +0/2 for defending (untapped) creatures. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Earthquake||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{R}})}} | |||
|{{card|Hurricane||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{G}})}} | |||
|Sorceries that have a mana cost of {{X}}M and deal {{X}} damage to all non-flying or flying creatures and each player. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Feedback||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{U}})}} | |||
|{{card|Wanderlust||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{G}})}} | |||
|Uncommon Auras that deal 1 damage to the controller of the enchanted permanent during each of their [[upkeep]]s. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Tsunami||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{G}})}} | |||
|{{card|Flashfires||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{R}})}} | |||
|Uncommon sorceries that have a mana cost of {{3}}M and destroy lands of a particular enemy type. | |||
|- | |||
|{{card|Wall of Bone||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{B}})}} | |||
|{{card|Wall of Brambles||4ED}} <br/> {{nowrap|({{G}})}} | |||
|Walls with regeneration and a mana cost of {{2}}M and a combined [[power/toughness]] of 5. | |||
|} | |||
== | ==Core set changes== | ||
{{Main| | [[File:4ED Advertisement.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Advertisement for ''Fourth Edition''.]] | ||
{{Main|Fourth Edition/Changes}} | |||
;Notable changes | |||
*The [[dual land]]s were removed from the core sets. | |||
==Misprints== | ==Misprints== | ||
* | *{{card|Gaea's Liege||4ED}} {{-}} The card name is misspelled as "Gaea's Leige" once in the text box. | ||
* | *{{card|Segovian Leviathan||4ED}} {{-}} The quotation in the [[flavor text]] is from Job 41:1, not Job 40:25 (although it is Job 40:25 in the original Hebrew text). This error was corrected in ''[[Fifth Edition]]''. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.wizards.com/magic/advanced/4e/Fourth_Edition.asp '' | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20171028182920/http://www.wizards.com/magic/advanced/4e/Fourth_Edition.asp ''Fourth Edition'' Official Page] (old) | ||
* | *[http://magic.wizards.com/en/game-info/products/card-set-archive/fourth-edition ''Fourth Edition'' Product Information] (new) | ||
{{ | {{Sets|classic}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Magic core sets|4]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:01, 13 April 2024
| Fourth Edition | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Set Information | |||||
| Set symbol | |||||
| Symbol description | Roman numeral IV | ||||
| Design |
Richard Garfield with contributions from Charlie Cateeno Skaff Elias Don Felice Tom Fontaine Jim Lin Joel Mick Chris Page Dave Pettey Barry "Bit" Reich Bill Rose Elliott Segal | ||||
| Development | Same as design | ||||
| Art direction | None | ||||
| Release date | April 1995 | ||||
| Plane | Multiversal | ||||
| Themes and mechanics | None new | ||||
| Keywords/ability words | None new | ||||
| Set size |
378 cards (121 commons, 121 uncommons, 121 rares, 15 basic lands) | ||||
| Expansion code | 4ED[1] | ||||
| Development codename | Francesca | ||||
| Core sets | |||||
| |||||
| Magic: The Gathering Chronology | |||||
| |||||
Fourth Edition (4th Edition) is a Magic core set that was released in April 1995. It is a reprint set.
Set details
To create Fourth Edition, 51 cards were removed from Revised Edition, and 122 cards from Arabian Nights, Antiquities, Legends, and The Dark were added. Fourth Edition was the first set to have basic lands printed on a separate print sheet. This freed up room on the common and uncommon card sheets to include more spells, and also allowed boosters to be packaged without lands. It was also the first set to have the same number of commons, uncommons, and rares, a practice which continued for large expansion sets until the release of Mirrodin.
At the time of printing, Wizards policy was that core sets had white borders, but also that a card could not be put into a white-bordered set without first appearing in a black-bordered set in that language. To make Fourth Edition sets uniform, Renaissance sets were printed in German, Italian, and French to create black bordered versions of cards not previously available in those languages. These printings meant Fourth Edition cards in English, French, German, Italian could be printed exclusively with white borders. Japanese, traditional Chinese, Korean, Spanish, and Portuguese Fourth Edition cards were printed with black borders. However, after the black bordered versions were printed, the set was almost immediately reprinted with white borders in Japanese, Spanish, and Portuguese.
- A copyright notice dated 1995 is printed on the bottom of the cards.
- The beveled frame missing from Revised was restored. The colors were also much more saturated.
- A new white mana symbol (
) was introduced.[2] - The other mana symbols were redesigned as well, but less noticeably. Black's skull became more elongated, blue's water drop became slimmer and more symmetrical, red's fireball lost the flame licks coming off of it, and green's tree received different branches and a less thick base.*The tap symbol changed to a curved arrow symbol, with a black rectangle representing the tapping card behind it.[3]
- An Alternate Fourth Edition run was printed by the United States Playing Card Corporation in Cincinnati. Due to a dispute between the two companies, the cards were never officially published.[4][5]
Marketing
Cards were available from May 3, 1995 well past the end of the run in April 1997.[6] The print run is estimated at 500 million cards. The cards were sold in 60-card starter decks and 15-card boosters. Boosters included 1 rare, 3 uncommons, and 11 commons. Fourth Edition was the first set with booster packs with foil wrappers and the first with artwork on the wrappers (Brass Man, Hurloon Minotaur, Mana Vault, Mesa Pegasus, and Spirit Link). Starters included 3 rares, 9 uncommons, 26 commons, and 22 land. The package of the starter decks displayed the five mana symbols instead of the five colored stones on previous versions. The set was supplemented with a special Gift Box. The Fourth Edition Gift Box included two starter decks, 30 glass counters, a flannel bag for storing the counters, an illustrated rulebook, and a card collectors' checklist.
Rules changes
- The rules concerning fast effects and the batch were solidified, as well as those for phases, activation costs, targets, and damage prevention.[7]
Cycles
Fourth Edition has 6 cycles, one of which is a 4 card cycle, and 15 mirrored pairs.
| Cycle name |
|
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circles of protection | Circle of Protection: White | Circle of Protection: Blue | Circle of Protection: Black | Circle of Protection: Red | Circle of Protection: Green |
Each of these common white enchantments has a mana cost of  and the ability to prevent the all damage from a source of a given color for .
| |||||
| Laces | Purelace | Thoughtlace | Deathlace | Chaoslace | Lifelace |
| Each of these rare instants permanently changes the color of a permanent. | |||||
| Lucky charms | Ivory Cup | Crystal Rod | Throne of Bone | Iron Star | Wooden Sphere |
| Each of these uncommon artifacts has a triggered ability that allows the controller pay to gain 1 life when a spell of a given color resolves.
| |||||
| Mana batteries | White Mana Battery | Blue Mana Battery | Black Mana Battery | Red Mana Battery | Green Mana Battery |
Uncommon artifacts with a casting cost of  and the two activated abilities " ,  : Put a charge counter on [this]" and ", Remove any number of charge counters from [this]: Add M, then add an additional M for each charge counter removed this way," where M is a specific color of mana.
| |||||
| Wards | White Ward | Blue Ward | Black Ward | Red Ward | Green Ward |
| Uncommon white Auras with enchant creature that grant protection from a color. | |||||
Four-card cycles
| Cycle name |
|
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classic Elementals | Air Elemental | Water Elemental | Fire Elemental | Earth Elemental |
| These four uncommon Elemental creature are based on the traditional four Elements. | ||||
Pairs
| Mirrored Pairs | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Crusade ( )
|
Bad Moon ( )
|
Rare enchantments with a converted mana cost of 2 and an effect to give all creatures of its color +1/+1. |
| White Knight ( )
|
Black Knight ( )
|
Uncommon knights with a mana cost of MM, power/toughness of 2/2, first strike and protection from the other's color. |
| Blue Elemental Blast ( )
|
Red Elemental Blast ( )
|
Common instants (formerly interrupts) with a mana cost of M and with a modal ability to either destroy a permanent of the other's color or counter a spell of the other's color. |
| Deathgrip ( )
|
Lifeforce ( )
|
Uncommon enchantments with an activated ability to counter a spell of the other's color for MM. |
| Holy Strength ( )
|
Unholy Strength ( )
|
Common auras with enchant creature that give a mirrored bonus to the enchanted creature's power/toughness. |
| Lord of Atlantis ( )
|
Goblin King ( )
|
Rare lords that give +1/+1 and landwalk of its color to its creature type. |
| Mons's Goblin Raiders ( )
|
Merfolk of the Pearl Trident ( )
|
1/1 common creatures with creature types that are affected by their respective lords (e.g., Goblin King and Lord of Atlantis). |
| Serra Angel ( )
|
Sengir Vampire ( )
|
Uncommon 4/4 flying creatures with a mana cost of  MM and a combat-related ability.
|
| Wall of Water ( )
|
Wall of Fire ( )
|
0/5 walls illustrated by Richard Thomas with a silhouetted figure behind a wall and the activated ability "M: [this] gets +1/+0 until end of turn." |
| Benalish Hero ( )
|
Timber Wolves ( )
|
1/1 creatures with banding and a mana cost of M. |
| Castle ( )
|
Orcish Oriflamme ( )
|
Uncommon enchantments with a cost of 3M. Oriflame give +1/0 for attacking creatures and Castle gives +0/2 for defending (untapped) creatures. |
| Earthquake ( )
|
Hurricane ( )
|
Sorceries that have a mana cost of  M and deal damage to all non-flying or flying creatures and each player.
|
| Feedback ( )
|
Wanderlust ( )
|
Uncommon Auras that deal 1 damage to the controller of the enchanted permanent during each of their upkeeps. |
| Tsunami ( )
|
Flashfires ( )
|
Uncommon sorceries that have a mana cost of M and destroy lands of a particular enemy type.
|
| Wall of Bone ( )
|
Wall of Brambles ( )
|
Walls with regeneration and a mana cost of M and a combined power/toughness of 5.
|
Core set changes
- The dual lands were removed from the core sets.
Misprints
- Gaea's Liege — The card name is misspelled as "Gaea's Leige" once in the text box.
- Segovian Leviathan — The quotation in the flavor text is from Job 41:1, not Job 40:25 (although it is Job 40:25 in the original Hebrew text). This error was corrected in Fifth Edition.
References
- ↑ Wizards of the Coast (August 02, 2004). "Ask Wizards - August, 2004". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
- ↑ Magic Arcana (February 6, 2003). "White mana symbol". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
- ↑ Magic Arcana (July 12, 2004). "The Changing Tap Symbol". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
- ↑ The Wizards Cupboard: 4th Edition alternate starter deck
- ↑ Mark Rosewater (June 20, 2016). "25 More Random Things About Magic". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
- ↑ Stephen D'Angelo (February 2, 1999) "Card Rulings Summary". Usenet.
- ↑ Adam Conus, Tom Wylie, Jim Lin, and Rich Redman (August 17, 2009). "Fourth Edition FAQ and General Rulings Summary". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.