Face down

Overlay card for a face-down permanent.

Some cards, primarily ones with the morph and megamorph abilities or the manifest keyword action, allow permanents and spells to be face-down. Face-down cards are usually treated as simple 2/2 creatures or creature spells, but several effects turn cards face down with other properties instead.

Hidden zones such as the library contain face-down cards by default, and some abilities may exile cards face down. These cards are simply hidden from view, and are unrelated to permanents or spells being face-down.

Description

MTGA icon for face down cards.

A face-down permanent is, by default, a 2/2 creature with no rules text, no name, no subtypes, no expansion symbol, and no mana cost or color indicator (consequently, it is also colorless). Similarly, Morph-type abilities allow cards to be cast as face-down spells, which have the same properties and become face-down permanents when they resolve. Some abilities provide alternative characteristics for the face-down object instead of using the 2/2 creature default. A player may look at the front of face-down spells and creatures they control at any time.

Turning a face-down permanent face up is a special action that can be done any time the player has priority (in other words, any time they could cast an instant), but it doesn't use the stack and can't be responded to (in this way, it is similar to playing a land). To do this, it must either have morph or megamorph (and its controller pays its morph cost), or be a manifested creature card (and its controller pays its mana cost). A permanent that is already face-up, even if it's a copy of a face-down creature, can't be turned face up. Permanents turning face down or face up remain the same object, and don't trigger enters the battlefield abilities. Any counters on it remain on it, and any Auras or Equipment attached to it remain attached to it.

Special interactions

Face-down (together with its opposite, face-up) is part of a permanent's status. Status categories are not copiable values, so a copy of a typical face-down permanent or spell will counterintuitively be a face-up 2/2 creature or creature spell with no other characteristics. It would still have any characteristics given to it by the effect that made the original creature face-down, or given by the copy effect itself. Since it's already face-up, such a copy can't be turned face up, and the copy effect includes no actual characteristics of the original card that was face-down anyway.

While most cards which allow permanents to be turned face down are specifically written to avoid applying to tokens, there is no general rule preventing tokens from doing so. Tokens have status just like any other permanent, so they may be turned face down with the same mechanics as nontokens. This could most easily happen by creating a token copy of another permanent which has the ability to turn itself face down.

Double-faced cards (DFCs) and Meld cards may be cast or placed onto the battlefield face down if the appropriate abilities are applied to them, just like any other card. A substitute card or opaque sleeve is used to keep the card identity hidden. However, once they are face-up on the battlefield, they cannot be turned face down. "Face-up" and "face-down" is sometimes used to describe DFC and meld mechanics rather than as statuses, although "front face" and "back face" or "melded" are preferred to avoid confusion.

Other zones

Cards may be face-down in zones other than the battlefield and the stack. This is the default for the library, which is therefore known as a "hidden zone", as is the hand. Some effects also place cards into exile or the command zone card face down. The special decks in the command zone for Planechase and Archenemy are usually face-down as well, as are Attraction and Contraption decks. Some cards may even be drafted face up despite the usual process being face down. Depending on the effect, players may be allowed to look at specific face-down cards.

None of these uses is related to the face-down status of a permanent or spell, which only occur on the battlefield or stack. Therefore, face-down cards outside of those two zones simply have characteristics hidden from players without permission to look at them, and do not count as 2/2 creatures.

Cards

These cards have unique effects that allow cards on the battlefield to be face-down without involving Morph, Megamorph, or Manifest.

• Illusionary Mask - Formerly allowed casting creatures face down with no known characteristics at all, but was changed to cast them as 0/1 creatures, then changed again to cast them as 2/2s in line with the Morph behavior.
• Ixidron - Turns creatures face down with the usual Morph characteristics.
• Tezzeret, Cruel Machinist - Puts cards onto the battlefield face down as 5/5 artifact creatures.
• Obscuring Aether - Turns itself (an enchantment) face down with the usual Morph characteristics.
• Illithid Harvester - Turns creatures face down as 2/2 Horror creatures.
• Yedora, Grave Gardener - Returns creatures to the battlefield face down as Forest lands.
• Magar of the Magic Strings - Puts instants or sorceries onto the battlefield face down as 3/3 creatures with a special ability.
• Missy - Returns nonartifact creatures to the battlefield, but as artifacts named Cyberman

Rules

From the glossary of the Comprehensive Rules (June 7, 2024—Modern Horizons 3)

Face Down

1. A card is “face down” if it’s physically positioned so the card back is showing. Cards in some zones are normally kept face down. See section 4, “Zones.”

2. A status a permanent may have. See rule 110.5 and rule 702.37, “Morph.”

3. Face-down spells have additional rules. See rule 708, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents,” and rule 702.37, “Morph.”

From the Comprehensive Rules (June 7, 2024—Modern Horizons 3)

• 708. Face-Down Spells and Permanents
  • 708.1. Some cards allow spells and permanents to be face down.
  • 708.2. Face-down spells and face-down permanents have no characteristics other than those listed by the ability or rules that allowed the spell or permanent to be face down. Any listed characteristics are the copiable values of that object’s characteristics. (See rule 613, “Interaction of Continuous Effects,” and rule 707, “Copying Objects.”)
    • 708.2a If a face-up permanent is turned face down by a spell or ability that doesn’t list any characteristics for that object, it becomes a 2/2 face-down creature with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost. A permanent that enters the battlefield face down also has these characteristics unless otherwise specified by the effect that put it onto the battlefield face down or allowed it to be cast face down. These values are the copiable values of that object’s characteristics.
    • 708.2b A face-down permanent can’t be turned face-down. If a spell or ability attempts to turn a face-down permanent face down, nothing happens and that effect doesn’t change any of its characteristics or their copiable values.
  • 708.3. Objects that are put onto the battlefield face down are turned face down before they enter the battlefield, so the permanent’s enters-the-battlefield abilities won’t trigger (if triggered) or have any effect (if static).
  • 708.4. Objects that are cast face down are turned face down before they are put onto the stack, so effects that care about the characteristics of a spell will see only the face-down spell’s characteristics. Any effects or prohibitions that would apply to casting an object with these characteristics (and not the face-up object’s characteristics) are applied to casting this object. The permanent the spell becomes will be a face-down permanent.
  • 708.5. At any time, you may look at a face-down spell you control on the stack or a face-down permanent you control (even if it’s phased out). You can’t look at face-down cards in any other zone or face-down spells or permanents controlled by another player.
  • 708.6. If you control multiple face-down spells or face-down permanents, you must ensure at all times that your face-down spells and permanents can be easily differentiated from each other. This includes, but is not limited to, knowing what ability or rules caused the permanents to be face down, the order spells were cast, the order that face-down permanents entered the battlefield, which creature(s) attacked last turn, and any other differences between face-down spells or permanents. Common methods for distinguishing between face-down objects include using counters or dice to mark the different objects, or clearly placing those objects in order on the table.
  • 708.7. The ability or rules that allow a permanent to be face down may also allow the permanent’s controller to turn it face up. Spells normally can’t be turned face up.
  • 708.8. As a face-down permanent is turned face up, its copiable values revert to its normal copiable values. Any effects that have been applied to the face-down permanent still apply to the face-up permanent. Any abilities relating to the permanent entering the battlefield don’t trigger and don’t have any effect, because the permanent has already entered the battlefield.
  • 708.9. If a face-down permanent or a face-down component of a merged permanent moves from the battlefield to any other zone, its owner must reveal it to all players as they move it. If a face-down spell moves from the stack to any zone other than the battlefield, its owner must reveal it to all players as they move it. If a player leaves the game, all face-down permanents, face-down components of merged permanents, and face-down spells owned by that player must be revealed to all players. At the end of each game, all face-down permanents, face-down components of merged permanents, and face-down spells must be revealed to all players.
  • 708.10. If a face-down permanent becomes a copy of another permanent, its copiable values become the copiable values of that permanent, as modified by its face-down status. Its characteristics therefore remain the same: the characteristics listed by the ability or rules that allowed it to be turned face down. However, if it is turned face up, its copiable values become the values it copied from the other permanent. See rule 707.3.
  • 708.11. If a face-down permanent would have an “As [this permanent] is turned face up . . .” ability after it’s turned face up, that ability is applied while that permanent is being turned face up, not afterward.

Exiled face down

From the Comprehensive Rules (June 7, 2024—Modern Horizons 3)

• 110.5d Only permanents have status. Cards not on the battlefield do not. Although an exiled card may be face down, this has no correlation to the face-down status of a permanent. Similarly, cards not on the battlefield are neither tapped nor untapped, regardless of their physical state.

From the Comprehensive Rules (June 7, 2024—Modern Horizons 3)

• 406.3. Exiled cards are, by default, kept face up and may be examined by any player at any time. Cards “exiled face down” can’t be examined by any player except when instructions allow it. However, if a player is instructed to look at a card and then exile it face down, or once a player is allowed to look at a card exiled face down, that player may continue to look at that card until it leaves the exile zone or is part of a pile of cards that are shuffled, even if the instruction allowing the player to do so no longer applies.
  • 406.3a A card exiled face down has no characteristics, but the spell or ability that exiled it may allow it to be played from exile. Unless that card is being cast face down (see rule 708.4), the card is turned face up just before the player announces that they are playing the card (see rule 601.2).
  • 406.3b Some spells and abilities allow a player to cast spells with certain qualities from among face-down cards in exile. A player may cast such a spell only if they are allowed to look at the face-down card in exile and if the resulting spell has the specified qualities.