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| {{DISPLAYTITLE:Category:''Magic: The Gathering''}}
| | [[Category:Magic: The Gathering]] |
| [[File:Magic card back.jpg|right]] | |
| '''Magic: The Gathering''' (colloquially "'''Magic'''" or "'''MTG'''"), is a collectible card game created by [[Richard Garfield]] and introduced by the company [[Wizards of the Coast]] in 1993.<br>
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| It is commonly played with 2 players, but can be played with more. Each player uses their own deck, which is constructed from cards they own. Players start the game with 20 [[life]]. There are several ways of winning the game, the most common being reducing your opponent to 0 life (see [[Winning and losing|Winning and Losing]]).
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| The game is currently being printed in the following languages: English, French, Italian, Chinese Simplified, Portuguese, German, Spanish, Russian, Korean and Japanese. It is available for sale in the Asian, European and North America countries.
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| {{TOCright}}
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| ==General==
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| {{expand}}
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| Tournament-legal Magic cards are usually 2.5 x 3.5 inches with the same card back (the new [[Transform]] mechanic has resulted in Magic's first tournament-legal two-faced card which lacks the standard back.) A magic card weighs 0.064 ounces (about 1.8 grams).<ref>{{Askref|April|24|2007}}</ref>. There are currently roughly 12,000 unique Magic cards.
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| ===History===
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| The first magic [[core set]] called [[Alpha]] was created by Dr. Richard Garfield and bought by Wizards of the Coast and released in 1993. Three core sets ([[Beta]], [[Unlimited]], and [[Revised]] ) were released shortly after the Alpha release in order to satisfy the growing demand for the card game. The first expansion set, ''[[Arabian Nights]]'', was released December 1993. It was based off of the Arabic compilation of Stories One Thousand and One Nights, and offered quotes from various stories in the compilation. The set offered famous cards such as <c>Library of Alexandria</c> and <c>Juzam Djinn</c>. At one point in time, it was discussed that each expansion should have their name printed on the [[card back|backs of the cards]] along with "Magic: The Gathering;" however, this idea quickly fell by the wayside in order to provide card uniformity. Shortly afterward, the second expansion set, ''[[Antiquities]]'', was released in the spring of 1994. The set was based heavily around [[artifacts]] and powerful cards such as <c>Strip Mine</c> and <c>Mishra's Workshop</c> were released in this set. ''[[Ice Age]]'' was the first large expansion, starting the typical [[block]] (originally called cycle) of one [[large expansion]] and two smaller expansions, ''[[Alliances]]'' and ''[[Homelands]]'' (which has now been "replaced" by ''[[Coldsnap]]''). ''[[Avacyn Restored]]'' is the fifty-eighth and latest Magic expansion. It was released on May 4th, 2012. A fifty-ninth expansion, ''[[Return to Ravnica]]'', is scheduled to be released on October 5th, 2012.
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| ==The Colors of Magic==
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| {{expand}}
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| Most Magic cards are one or more of five colors: [[White]], [[Blue]], [[Black]], [[Red]], and [[Green]]. Each color has its own philosophy and strategy.
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| [[Multicolored]] (or gold) cards require more than one color to cast. Multicolored cards show the strengths among the colors of the card.
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| [[Hybrid mana|Hybrid]] cards have a split mana cost and can be cast using either of the two types of mana in the split symbol.
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| The majority of [[Artifacts]] don't require any specific color to cast and as such are [[colorless]]. The ''[[Dissension]]'' expansion introduced the concept of colored artifacts with <c>Transguild Courier</c>, which does not required colored mana to cast. The ''[[Future Sight]]'' expansion's <c>Sarcomite Myr</c> was the first and only artifact card at the time of Future Sight's release to require colored mana for its casting cost. The ''[[Shadowmoor]]'' expansion's <c>Reaper King</c> was the first artifact card with a hybrid mana cost that contained colored mana symbols, but which enabled players to not have to pay any colored mana to cast the card due to the specifics of the card's hybrid mana cost. The use of colored artifacts as a game concept was taken even further in ''[[Shards of Alara]]'', which was the first expansion to contain many artifacts that require specific colors of mana to cast, and the entire [[Alara block]] prominently features colored artifacts that require colored mana to cast.
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| ==Decks and Tournaments==
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| {{expand}}
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| Tournament decks in general must have at least 60 cards. A deck may have no more than 4 copies of an individual card, besides basic lands which it may have any number. If a [[sideboard]] is used, it must contain exactly 15 cards.
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| ===Constructed===
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| {{expand}}
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| In constructed, both players involved in the game play a deck of at least 60 cards, of which no cards except basic lands are present in more than four copies. A general convention is to play 20-25 lands, and 35-40 spells, but there is wide variance in this aspect. Most games of '''Magic''', especially casual ones, are played with constructed decks. There are multiple formats that are often played with constructed decks, of which the four listed below are used in [[DCI]]-sanctioned tournaments. As well, many variants such as [[pauper]] and [[highlander]] are popular among casual players.
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| In order to have the deck play consistently, many constructed decks, or at least most of those used in tournaments, run four copies (known as a playset) of each card important to the deck, and run a maximum of sixty cards. This causes the important cards to be drawn on a more regular basis, and helps the deck to be more reliable.
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| With the advent of the internet, the sharing of decklists (known as netdecking) has become more and more prevalent, reducing some of the creativity and thought players have to put into the construction of their decks. Originally, [[Wizards of the Coast]] opposed this trend, but has embraced it in recent years, even running a daily deck feature on the game's website.
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| The presence of netdecking often causes a number of powerful deck archetypes to emerge. Through netdecking, many similar or identical decks following certain popular strategies will often be present at a tournament. Because of this, the [[metagame]] of a constructed format is much more important than the metagame of a limited format. This leads to decks sometimes being built simply because they will be good against popular decks; for example, if both [[kithkin]] and [[faerie]]s are popular decks in standard, a player may be more inclined to run a [[giant]] deck with multiple copies of <c>Thundercloud Shaman</c>. Decks that are not very popular or common in the metagame are called rogue decks.
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| Constucted deck types are organized from smallest to largest cardpool (number of available cards):
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| ====Block====
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| {{expand}}
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| In [[Block Constructed|block constructed]], players may play any unbanned cards from a single block.<ref>http://www.wizards.com/Magic/TCG/Resources.aspx?x=judge/resources/sfrblock</ref> Sanctioned block constructed tournaments must use cards from the [[Scars of Mirrodin block]]. Since there is a smaller card pool in the block format, block constructed decks are less powerful than even standard decks, though it encourages more decks which follow the theme(s) of the block. For example, more [[Landfall]] decks would be found in Zendikar block constructed than in standard.
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| ====Standard====
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| {{expand}}
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| In the [[Standard]] format, players play with a deck of at least 60 cards from the most recent core set, the most recent fully released block, and the block that is currently being released. The sets currently playable in Standard are ''[[Magic 2012]]'', ''Scars of Mirrodin block'' (''[[Scars of Mirrodin]], [[Mirrodin Besieged]] and [[New Phyrexia]]''), and ''Innistrad block'' (''currently only [[Innistrad]]'').<ref>http://www.wizards.com/Magic/TCG/Resources.aspx?x=judge/resources/sfrstandard</ref>
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| As of October 1st, 2011, there are no cards banned in Standard tournaments.<ref>http://www.wizards.com/Magic/TCG/Resources.aspx?x=judge/resources/sfrstandard</ref>
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| ====Extended====
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| {{expand}}
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| In the [[extended]] format, players may play with cards released within the last 4 years, as opposed to the 2 years of cards available in standard. This generally makes vintage games faster and decks more powerful, and with so many more cards allowed to interact in the format, [[Combo deck|combo decks]] are more prevalent. Currently, cards from ''[[Magic 2012]], [[Magic 2011]], [[Magic 2010]], [[Innistrad]], [[Scars of Mirrodin]], [[Mirrodin Besieged]], [[New Phyrexia]], [[Zendikar]], [[Worldwake]], [[Rise of the Eldrazi]], [[Shards of Alara]], [[Conflux]],'' and ''[[Alara Reborn]]'' are playable.
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| The following cards are currently banned in Extended tournaments: <c>Jace, the Mind Sculptor</c>, <c>Mental Misstep</c>, <c>Ponder</c>, <c>Preordain</c>, and <c>Stoneforge Mystic</c>.
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| <ref>http://www.wizards.com/Magic/TCG/Resources.aspx?x=judge/resources/sfrextended</ref>
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| ====Eternal Formats====
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| Sets never rotate out: all cards printed in legal sets are playable unless on a banned or restricted list.
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| =====Legacy=====
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| {{expand}}
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| In the [[legacy]] format, cards from all sets are playable, though many of the cards which are [[Restricted cards|restricted]] in vintage are banned in legacy. This makes legacy decks slightly less powerful than vintage decks, but the format is still incredibly fast, and legacy-legal decks are much more powerful than either standard or extended decks.
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| Legacy has had somewhat of a resurgence in the late 2000s, as evidenced by the higher value of "dual lands" for deckbuilding.
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| =====Vintage=====
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| Vintage or Type One format is the oldest format in the game, simply because it allows players the ability to use almost any card from any black or white bordered set. Cards that require [[ante]] or cards that require the use of manual [[Dexterity (cards)|dexterity]] are banned in tournament play while cards with ultra-high power levels are [[restricted]] to one copy of that card per deck. The fabled [[Power nine|power nine]] are associated with this format. They are known to be both the most powerful and most expensive cards in the game. A common misconception about vintage by players who are not familiar with the format is that first turn wins are commonplace; even with the vast cardpool associated with Vintage, [[Combo decks|combo decks]] still require a demanding amount of precision in order to create a first turn victory. Vintage is still a fast paced and very disruptive format and rounds often require the full time limit.
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| ===Limited===
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| In the [[limited]] format, players do not play with decks they built ahead of time, but play with decks of cards from sealed [[booster pack]]s, which are built at the beginning of a limited tournament before play begins. In limited formats, the minimum deck size is 40 cards.Generally, 17-19 lands and 21-23 spells are played, but there is some variance in this aspect. This format is favored by some, as it allows all players, no matter the size of their collection, to have an equal chance at doing well in a tournament.
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| ====Draft====
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| In the [[draft]] format, each participating player is seated around a table, usually of 8 players, and is given 3 sealed booster packs. Each player opens the first of their packs, chooses a card from it, and places the chosen card face-down on the table in front of them. The remaining cards in the pack are passed to the left, and players repeat this process with the pack just passed to them, until all the cards are chosen. The same is done with the second pack, this time passing to the right, and with the third pack, passing left again. Each player then builds a deck using the 45 cards they chose from the booster packs. Sanctioned drafts can be run with any number of boosters from any set, as long as each drafter receives the same product. The most common drafts are from the most recent [[block]], currently 3 boosters of [Innistrad]
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| ====Sealed====
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| Before the release of [[Conflux]], players would open a tournament pack and three sealed booster packs in order to play in a sealed tournament. They built decks using the cards they opened. With the release of Conflux, however, tournament packs were discontinued. Depending on which sets have been released, decks are either built from 6 booster packs of the first set in the block, or with 3 boosters each of the first and second sets in the block, or with 2 boosters each of all three sets.
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| The sealed format increases the role of chance in how good a deck turns out. There is a lot of strategy used while drafting, while the contents of your deck in a sealed tournament are dependent entirely on what you open in your six booster packs. Because of this, the sealed format is used almost exclusively at [[prereleases]] and [[launch parties]], while drafts are done at [[Friday Night Magic]] and major tournaments.
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| ==Awards==
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| Magic is listed on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games_100#Hall_of_Fame Games Magazine Hall of Fame].
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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